Dongui Bogam_38_Sorts of Seven Emotions

[喜 Joy]

內經曰, 心在志爲喜. 又曰, 心實則笑, 笑則喜. 又曰, 暴喜傷陽. 又曰, 喜怒傷氣. 又曰, 喜怒不節, 寒暑過度, 生乃不固. 又曰, 喜則氣緩. 盖喜則氣和志達, 榮衛通利, 故氣緩矣.
The Inner Classic (內經) says, "The mind of the heart is joy." It also says, "One laughs if the heart is excessive. To laugh is to be joyous." It also says, "Being joyous all of a sudden damages yang." It also says, "Getting angry all of a sudden damages qi." It also says, "If one cannot control one's joy and anger, and if cold and summer heat are excessive, one cannot protect one's life." It also says, "Qi becomes loose if one is joyous. When one is joyous, qi is harmonized and one's will become active, allowing nutrient and defense gi to flow well, which then loosens qi."

皇甫謐曰, 喜發於心而成於肺, 故過節則二藏俱傷.
Huang Fumi (皇甫謐) said, "Joy originates from the heart and is perfected in the lungs. Therefore, if the degree of joy is excessive, both organs are damaged." 

靈樞曰, 喜樂者, 神蕩散而不藏. 又曰, 喜樂無極則傷魄, 魄爲肺神也.
Divine Pivot (靈樞) says, "If joy and pleasure are excessive, spirit dissipates and cannot be stored." It also says, "Enjoying and feeling pleasure endlessly damages the corporeal soul." The corporeal soul is the spirit of the lungs.

[怒 Anger]

內經曰, 肝在志爲怒. 又曰, 暴怒傷陰. 又曰, 大怒則形氣絶而血菀於上, 使人薄厥菀, 鬱也. 薄厥謂氣絶也. 又曰, 血幷於上, 氣幷於下, 心煩惋善怒. 又曰, 怒則氣上. 又曰, 怒則氣逆, 甚則嘔血, 及飱泄矣. 註云, 怒則陽氣逆上, 而肝木乘脾, 故嘔血及飱泄也. 又曰, 膽爲怒肝膽之病, 實則爲怒. 又曰, 陰出之陽則怒.
The Inner Classic (內經) says, "The mind of the liver is anger." It also says, "Being angry all of a sudden damages yin." It also says, "Great anger depletes physical qi, causing blood to thicken in the upper part of the body, which in turn leads to minor syncope. [Thick means stagnation. Minor syncope is when one faints]. It also says, "When blood gathers in the upper part of the body and gi in the lower part of the body, one feels tightness around the chest and easily gets upset." It also says, "Anger causes gi to counterflow, and if it gets severe, one coughs up blood, and undigested food comes out in the feces." The Annotation says, "When one gets angry, yang qi ascends, and the liver Wood suppresses the spleen, causing one to cough up blood and undigested food to come out in the feces." It also says, "The gallbladder corresponds to anger. [When liver and gallbladder diseases become excessive, one gets angry]." It also says, "One gets angry when pathogenic qi in the yin aspect comes out to the yang aspect."

綱目曰, 怒在陰, 陽爲陰閉遏而不得伸也. 東垣曰, 多怒者, 風熱陷下於地中是也.
The Compendium of Medicine (綱目) says, "Anger is caused by yin. It is caused because yin blocks yang and so yang cannot be spread out." Dongyuan (東垣) said, "Showing much anger means that wind heat has gone under the ground." 

先賢詩曰, 怒來劇炎火, 焚和徒自傷, 觸來勿與競, 事過心淸涼. 柳公度善養生, 年八十餘, 步履輕健, 或求其術. 答曰, 吾無術, 但平生, 未嘗以元氣佐喜怒, 使氣海常溫耳. 《延壽書》
Poems of ancient sages say, "When one gets angry, causing Fire to burn up greatly, it burns geniality and thus damages itself. Do not fight when in trouble. The mind will be clear once it all passes." Liu Gongdu (9 A) did well in life nurturing, and his steps were light and strong even when he was over 80 years old. Someone asked how he did this. He answered, "There is no special method. I did not waste my genuine qi in joy and anger my whole life, and I have always kept my CV6 area warm."

七情傷人, 惟怒爲甚. 盖怒則肝木便克脾土, 脾傷則四藏俱傷矣. 《綱目》
The seven emotions all damage people, but among them, anger is the most severe one. When one is angry, the liver Wood suppresses the spleen Earth. If the spleen Earth is damaged, the other four viscera get damaged, too.

治怒方, 香附末ㆍ甘草(末) 各一兩, 右和勻, 每三錢, 白湯調下. 《丹心》
When treating anger, mix 1 nyang of Cyperi Rhizoma (香附末) powder and 1 nyang of Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草) powder well, and put it in boiled water by 3 don and drink.

[憂 Anxiety]

內經曰, 肺在志爲憂. 又曰, 憂則氣沈.
The Inner Classic (內經) says, "The mind of the lungs is anxiety." It also says, "Anxiety causes qi to sink." 

靈樞曰, 愁憂不解則傷意, 意爲脾神也. 又曰, 愁憂者, 氣閉塞而不行. 盖憂則隔塞否閉, 氣脉斷絶而上下不通也. 氣固於內, 則大小便道偏, 不得通泄也.
Divine Pivot (樞) says, "When anxiety and worries are not solved, it damages ideation." Ideation is the spirit of the spleen. It also says, "If anxiety and worries are excessive, qi gets blocked and cannot flow." When one is anxious, qi and vessels get blocked, cannot flow, and they disconnect so they cannot flow up and down. If qi is blocked inside, passages for feces and urine get crooked, causing difficulty in discharging feces and urine.

[思 Thought]

內經曰, 脾在志爲思. 又曰, 思則氣結. 註云, 繫心不散, 故氣亦停留而結也.
The Inner Classic (內經) says, "The mind of the spleen is thought." It also says, "Thought causes qi to bind."  The Annotation says, "Because one's mind is troubled and anxiety does not dissipate, qi also stays and binds."

皇甫謐曰, 思發於脾而成於心, 過節則二藏俱傷.
Huang Fumi (皇甫謐) said, "Thought arises from the spleen and is perfected in the heart, so when one thinks too much, both organs are damaged." 

靈樞曰, 因志而存變謂之思, 因思而遠慕謂之慮. 又曰, 怵惕思慮則傷神, 神傷則恐懼流淫而不止.
Divine Pivot (靈樞) says, "To think is to keep one's will and to cope with changes, and to be discreet is to anticipate based on thoughts." It also says, "One's spirit is damaged when one is afraid or when one thinks too much. One is afraid and the essence runs down when the spirit is damaged."

[悲 Sorrow]

內經曰, 肺之志爲悲. 又曰, 心虛則悲, 悲則憂. 又曰, 精氣幷於肺則悲, 肝虛而肺氣幷之則爲悲. 又曰, 悲則氣消. 又曰, 肺主殺, 故其志爲悲.
The Inner Classic (內經) says, "The mind of the lungs is sorrow." It also says, "One becomes sorrowful when the heart is deficient. To be sorrowful means to be anxious." It also says, "One is sorrowful when essence qi is gathered up in the lungs." One becomes sorrowful because the liver has become deficient and thus lung qi has taken over. It also says, "Qi is exhausted when one is sorrowful." It also says, "The lungs command suppression, so it becomes sorrow among the five minds." 

靈樞曰, 悲哀動中則傷魂. 又曰, 悲哀動中者, 竭絶而失生.
Divine Pivot (靈樞) says, "When sorrow rises, the ethereal soul is damaged." It also says, "When sorrow rises, qi is depleted and so one loses one's life."

[驚 Fright]

綱目曰, 驚者, 心卒動而不寧也. 悸者, 心跳動而怕驚也.
The Compendium of Medicine (綱目) says, "Fright is when one's heart pounds suddenly and feels uncomfortable. Palpitations are when one's heart pounds and feels afraid." 

三因曰, 驚悸, 因事有所大驚而成者, 名曰心驚膽懾. 病在心膽經, 其脉大動, 宜朱砂安神丸ㆍ鎭心丹ㆍ加味溫膽湯.
The Treatise on and Formulas for the Three Categories of Pathogenic Factors (三因) says, "Palpitation occurs when one is greatly frightened, and it is also called Simgyeong damseop (frightened heart and fearful gallbladder, 心驚膽懾). Pulses beat large when the disease is in the heart meridian or the gallbladder meridian. One should use a Calm Spirit Cinnabar Pill, Calm Heart Elixir, or Augmented Gallbladder-Warming Decoction."

[恐 Fear]

內經曰, 腎在志爲恐. 又曰, 胃爲恐. 註曰, 胃熱則腎氣微弱, 故爲恐. 又曰, 精氣幷於腎則恐. 由心虛而腎氣幷之, 故爲恐.
The Inner Classic (內經) says, "The mind of the kidneys is fear." It also says, "The stomach becomes fear." The Annotation says, "When one has stomach heat, he or she gets fearful because kidney qi becomes weak." They also say, "One is fearful if his or her essence qi is gathered in the kidneys." This is because the heart is deficient and so kidney qi takes over. 
靈樞曰, 足少陰之脉, 病善恐. 又曰, 恐懼而不解則傷精. 又曰, 恐懼者, 神蕩散而不收. 又曰, 恐則氣下. 註曰, 上焦固禁, 下焦氣還, 故氣不行矣.
Divine Pivot (靈樞) says, "One gets fearful when one's kidney meridian is damaged." It also says, "One's essence is damaged if his or her fear is not removed." It also says, "If one fears, his or her spirit is scattered and cannot be gathered." It also says, "If one fears, qi flows downward." The Annotation says, "Qi cannot flow because the upper energizer is blocked and so qi returns to the lower energizer." 

子和曰, 肝藏血, 血不足則恐. 盖肝膽實則怒而勇敢, 虛則善恐而不敢也.
Zhang Zihe (子和) said, "The liver stores blood. One fears if blood is deficient." One easily gets angry and brave when the liver and gallbladder are excessive, but one is scared and not brave when the liver and gallbladder are deficient. 

綱目曰, 恐與驚相似. 然驚者, 爲自不知也. 恐者, 爲自知也. 盖驚者, 聞響乃驚. 恐者, 自知如人將捕之狀, 及不能獨自坐臥, 必須人爲伴侶, 方不恐懼, 或夜必用燈照, 無燈燭, 亦恐懼者, 是也.
The Compendium of Medicine (綱目) says, "Fear and fright are similar. Fright is when one is scared of an unknown object, and fear is when one gets scared of a known object. Fright is when one is frightened by sound. Fear is when one feels as if others are chasing after him or her, or when he or she cannot be alone, and being with others makes him or her comfortable. Or it is when one has to turn on the light during the night and is afraid if there is no lamp or candlelight."